At least 36 Nigerians were reportedly recruited to fight in Russia’s war against Ukraine, with five confirmed dead, according to a recent investigative report. Many were allegedly lured abroad with promises of jobs or education, only to be forced into military service upon arrival. The report, titled The Business of Despair: The Russian Army’s Recruiting of African Fighters, was published by All Eyes on Wagner in February 2026.

The research revealed that young Nigerians, often from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, were targeted through social media and travel agencies. Promises included high salaries, signing bonuses, health insurance, and even Russian citizenship. However, many recruits reported being coerced into military contracts, unpaid, or sent straight to the frontlines without proper training. Confirmed Nigerian fatalities include Hamzat Kazeem Kolawole and Mbah Stephen Udoka, who died during combat in Luhansk.

Families of affected Nigerians expressed shock and grief, while some individuals have petitioned the Nigerian government for repatriation. One man, Abubakar Adamu, claimed he was misled into signing a Russian military contract under the guise of a civilian security job. His lawyers invoked the doctrine of Non Est Factum, stating he did not understand the documents he signed, and requested Russian authorities to ensure his safe return.

Authorities and the Russian Embassy have denied formal recruitment programs, and the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission stated that its repatriation exercises ended years ago, suggesting remaining individuals voluntarily enlisted. Alleged recruitment agencies, including St. Fortunes Travels in Port Harcourt, have denied direct involvement with the Russian military, claiming any links arose from clients’ personal decisions after traveling.